In 1865, Lincoln submitted to the states the Thirteenth Amendment to the Constitution which, coupled with his Emancipation Proclamation, dealt the death blow to slavery. During his presidency, the Department of Agriculture, the Bureau of Internal Revenue, and a national banking system were established. Lincoln also signed the Homestead Act, opening the American frontier to settlement through public land grants, and the Land Grant College Act, donating land to the states for agricultural and technical colleges.